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F. TONNAR. METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DOUBLE FAGED PLUSH FABRIGS.

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- A F. TONNAR. METHOD 0]?- MANUFAGTURING DOUBLE FAOED PLUSH FABRICS.

No. 451,743. Patented May 5, 1891.

(Specimens.)

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F.TONNAR. METHOD OF. MANUFACTURING DOUBLE mom) PLUSH FABRICS. No. 451,743. v Patented May 5,1891.

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- F. TONNAR. v METHOD OF MANUFACTURING DOUBLE FAOED PLUSH FABRICS.

. No. 451,743. Patented May 5,1891.

erence being had to the accompanying drawfabrics having on each face or side a pile of .Wires in power-looms requires great care, and

Units STATES FELIX TONNAR, OF DULKEN, GERMANY.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURINGDOUBLE-FACED PLUSH FABRICS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,743, dated May 5, 1891.

Application filed July 8,1890- Serial No. 358,061. ($pecimens.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, FELIX TONNAR, of the city of Diilken, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Method of Manufacturing Double-Faced Plush Fabrics, of which the following is a specification, ref

ings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon.

My invention relates to the manufacture of double-faced plush fabrics; and the object of myinventionistocheapen and at thesametime to increase the production of said fabrics by producing a double-faced plush fabric by simultaneously weaving two grounds. Plush silk, flurt, wool, linen, cotton, jute, or any other textile material could heretofore only be made on hand-looms or on power-looms provided with means for automatically inserting pile-wires. As, however, the insertion of the therefore much time, and as, moreover, the wires must be inserted alternately above and below the body of the fabric, the said looms have to be operated at a very slow speed, so that the production is very small. Besides the fabrics, more especially those of great breadth,which are made with the aid of such wires, cannotbe made of any desired fineness and length of pile, since the wire must possess a certain degree of rigidity, and hence a certain length and thickness, thus limiting the degree of fineness of the fabric. According to the aforesaid invention two grounds are woven at the same time similarly to donble cloth, and the wires are dispensed with, which enables the loom to be operated at a higher speed than heretofore and any desired fineness of fabric and length of pile to be obtained. In the different modes of binding hereinafter described the pile is' formed in a similar manner to that of double velvet fabrics by alternately interweaving the pile warp into the upper and into the lower grounds. Now my improved method consists in passing the pile warp round a removable pick before it crosses from the one ground to the other, which is not otherwise connected with the grounds, and is designed to be drawn out after the two fabrics have been severed in order to draw the end portion of the cut pile warp which has been passed round the same to the back of the fabric, where it will then form a second pile.

In the accompanying drawings,'Figures 1, 1, and 1" illustratethe simplest mode of binding the pile in the said fabrics. Fig.1 shows the fabric in a section taken in the direction of the warp, the numbers 1, 2,and 3 denoting the consecutive order of the picks of weft. Three consecutive picks are alternately inserted for the upper and for the lower ground. Ofthese picks 1,2, l, and'5 are picks of ground, while 3 and 6 are removable picks, whereby part of the pile afterthe pile warp is severed is drawn to the back of the fabric. The lastnamed picks do not bind into the ground, but float and are merely held by the pile, which is to be subsequently drawn out. shows the fabric before the removable pick is drawn out and after the two fabrics have been severed. Fig. 1 shows the finished fabric after the removable pick has been drawn out, and Fig. 1 explains the treading. If in this mode of binding the material used for the pile be very rough, the two adjoining ends of the cut pile warp are liable to be drawn out, together with the removable pick. In order to obviate this'inconvenience, the mode of binding illustrated in Fig. 2 is used, which differs from the mode illustrated in Fig. 1 by an additional pick of weft being inserted between the two adjoining portions of the threads which are to form the pile.

Figs. 2, 2, and 2 illustrate the principal stages in the formation of this binding. Four consecutive picks are alternately inserted in the upper fabric and in the lower, the binding of the warp and pile being altered accordingly. The treading of this method of binding is explained by Fig. 2 In case the material used for the pile be very smooth, so that the entire pile is liable to be drawn out with the removable pick, I preferably employ the mode of binding illustrated in Fig. 3, which is a modification of the mode previously described.

Fig. 3 illustrates the binding of the pile,

and Fig. 3 the binding of the warp. Both warps are below the pick 1 and above the pick 2, thus causing these picks and also the picks 5 and 6 to be laid one on the top of the Fig. 1

other, so that the pile will be more firmly held, as shown in Fig. 3

For .weaving the above-mentioned fabrics I employ, preferably, the double plush-loom through the harness-frames 5 4 3 2, to which motion is imparted by asuitable mechanism, (not shown,) so as to fulfill the conditions hereinbefore set forth. The frames 2 and 4 receive the warp-threads of the upper set and 3 and 5 those of the lower set, while 6 is the frame for the upper list and 7 the one for the lower list, these two frames actingin combination with the frames 2 and 3 to effect the binding of the list, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The pile warp passes from the beam 13 between the two rollers O and D, these latter serving to regulate its supply in accordance with the desired length of pile, thence over the bar G, which is suspended by means of springs G to the harness-frame 1, whereby the required movement is imparted to the same in usual manner. E and F are rollers having pins on their outer peripheries and serving to conduct the finished fabrics. I is the knife or cutter for severing the two fabrics, and H is an adjustable device for regulating the length of the pile. The harnessframes are in the positions indicated in Fig. 5 when the first pick of the upper set is inserted in the mode of binding illustrated in Fig. 3. As the pick for drawing out the pile must be of very strong and thin material, it will be advisable in most cases to employ two different kinds of material for the pickthat is to say, one kind for the ground-picks and another for the removable picks. This is preferably effected by employing a drop-box motion with the loom for alternately changing the shuttles in a well-known manner not necessary to here illustrate.

Fig. '5 is an enlarged sectional View showing the position of the harness-frames. The shed indicated is for the insertion of the pick 1, Fig. 3.

Having fully described my invention, what I desire to claim and secure by Letters Patent 1s The method of manufacturing double-faced plush fabrics, vwhich consists in simultaneously weaving two ground fabrics and binding the pile warp alternately into each of these fabrics, carrying the said pile warps outside of each ground fabric and introducing a removable pick of weft, as described, then severing the pile and thereby separating the two fabrics, and then removing the removable picks, and thereby drawing portions of the ends of the cut pile to the backs of the fabrics to form plush faces, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FELIX TONNAR. [L. s]

WVitnesses:

EVANS BLAKE, V. A. BLAKE. 

